Custom Checks

What is it?

tfsec comes with an ever growing number of built in checks, these cover standard AWS, Azure and GCP provider checks, plus several more.

We recognise that there are checks that need performing for an organisation that don't fit with general use cases; for this, there are custom checks.

Custom checks offer an accessible approach to injecting checks that satisfy your organisations compliance and security needs. For example, if you require that all EC2 instances have a CostCentre tag, that can be achieved with a custom_check.

How does it work?

Custom checks are defined as json files which sit in the .tfsec folder in the root check path. any file with the suffix _tfchecks.json or _tfchecks.yaml will be parsed and the checks included during the run.

Overriding check directory

The default location for custom checks can be overridden, this is done using the --custom-check-dir to specify another location to load the checks from instead. This is useful when global checks are to applied to the terraform under test.

What does a check file look like?

Check files are simply json, this ensures that checks can be put together without requiring Go knowledge or being able to build a new release of tfsec to include your custom code.

Taking the previous example of a required cost centre, the check file might look something like

{
  "checks": [
    {
      "code": "CUS001",
      "description": "Custom check to ensure the CostCentre tag is applied to EC2 instances",
      "impact": "By not having CostCentre we can't keep track of billing",
      "resolution": "Add the CostCentre tag",
      "requiredTypes": [
        "resource"
      ],
      "requiredLabels": [
        "aws_instance"
      ],
      "severity": "ERROR",
      "matchSpec": {
        "name": "tags",
        "action": "contains",
        "value": "CostCentre"
      },
      "errorMessage": "The required CostCentre tag was missing",
      "relatedLinks": [
        "http://internal.acmecorp.com/standards/aws/tagging.html"
      ]
    }
  ]   
}

or

---
checks:
- code: CUS001
  description: Custom check to ensure the CostCentre tag is applied to EC2 instances
  impact: By not having CostCentre we can't keep track of billing
  resolution: Add the CostCentre tag
  requiredTypes:
  - resource
  requiredLabels:
  - aws_instance
  severity: ERROR
  matchSpec:
    name: tags
    action: contains
    value: CostCentre
  errorMessage: The required CostCentre tag was missing
  relatedLinks:
  - http://internal.acmecorp.com/standards/aws/tagging.html

The check contains up of the following attributes;

Attribute	Description
code	The custom code that your check will be known as
description	A description for the code that will be included in the output
impact	An optional detail about the consequences of not passing the check
resolution	An optional brief description of how to satisfy the check
requiredTypes	The block types to apply the check to - resource, data, module, variable
requiredLabels	The resource type - aws_ec2_instance for example. This also supports wildcards using *, e.g. aws_*
severity	How severe is the check
matchSpec	See below for the MatchSpec attributes
errorMessage	The error message that should be displayed in cases where the check fails
relatedLinks	A list of related links for the check to be displayed in cases where the check fails

The MatchSpec is the what will define the check itself - this is fairly basic and is made up of the following attributes

Attribute	Description
name	The name of the attribute or block to run the check on
action	The check type - see below for more information
value	In cases where a value is required, the value to look for
ignoreUndefined	If the attribute is undefined, ignore and pass the check
subMatch	A sub MatchSpec block for nested checking - think looking for enabled value in a logging block
predicateMatchSpec	An array of MatchSpec blocks to be logically aggregated by either and or or actions

Check Actions

There are a number of CheckActions available which should allow you to quickly put together most checks.

inModule

The inModule check action passes if the resource block is a component of a module. For example, if you're looking to check that an aws_s3_bucket is only created using a custom module, you could use the following MatchSpec;

"matchSpec" : {
  "action": "inModule"
}

matchSpec:
  action: inModule

isPresent

The isPresent check action passes if the required block or attribute is available in the checked block. For example, if you're looking to check that an acl is provided and don't care what it is, you can use the following MatchSpec;

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "acl",
  "action": "isPresent"
}

matchSpec:
  name: acl
  action: isPresent

notPresent

Conversely, the noPresent check action passes if the specified block or attribute is not found in the checked block. For example, if you explicitly don't want an acl attribute to be present hou can use the following MatchSpec

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "acl",
  "action": "notPresent"
}

matchSpec:
  name: acl
  action: notPresent

isEmpty

The isEmpty check action passes if the named block or attribute is defined by empty. For example, to check that there are not tags you might use the following MatchSpec

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "tags",
  "action": "isEmpty",
}

matchSpec:
  name: acl
  action: isEmpty

startsWith

The startsWith check action passes if the checked attribute string starts with the specified value. For example, to check that acl begins with public you could use the following MatchSpec

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "acl",
  "action": "startsWith",
  "value": "public"
}

matchSpec:
  name: acl
  action: startsWith
  value: public

endsWith

The endsWith check action passes if the checked attribute string ends with the specified value. For example, to check that acl ends with read you could use the following MatchSpec;

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "acl",
  "action": "endsWith",
  "value": "-read"
}

matchSpec:
  name: acl
  action: endsWith
  value: -read

contains

The contains check action will change depending on the attribute or block it is applied to. If the check is against a string attribute, it will look for the MatchSpec value in the attribute. If the check is against a list, it will pass if the value item can be found in the list.

If the attribute is an object or map it will pass if a key can be found that matches the MatchSpec value.

For example, if you want to ensure that the CostCentre exists, you might use the following MatchSpec;

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "tags",
  "action": "contains",
  "value": "CostCentre"
}

matchSpec:
  name: tags
  action: contains
  value: CostCentre

notContains

The notContains check action will change depending on the attribute or block it is applied to. If the check is against a string attribute, it will look for the MatchSpec value in the attribute. If the check is against a list, it will pass if the value item can be found in the list.

If the attribute is an object or map it will pass if a key can be found that matches the MatchSpec value.

For example, you want to make sure that an action does not contain kms:* you might use the following MatchSpec:

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "action",
  "action": "notContains",
  "value": "kms:*"
}

matchSpec:
  name: tags
  action: notContains
  value: kms:*

equals

The equals check action passes if the checked attribute equals specified value. The core primitive types are supported, if the subject attribute is a Boolean, the MatchSpec value will attempt to be cast to a Boolean for comparison. For example, to check that acl begins with private you could use the following MatchSpec;

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "acl",
  "action": "equals",
  "value": "private"
}

matchSpec:
  name: acl
  action: equals
  value: private

lessThan

The lessThan check action passes if the checked attribute is numerical and the value is less than the specified value. For example, if you want to ensure that the cpu_core_count is less than 8, you might use the following MatchSpec

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "cpu_core_count",
  "action": "lessThan",
  "value": 8
}

matchSpec:
  name: cpu_core_count
  action: lessThan
  value: 8

lessThanOrEqualTo

The lessThanOrEqualTo check action passes if the checked attribute is numerical and the value is less than or equal to the specified value. For example, if you want to ensure that the cpu_core_count is less than or equal to 4, you might use the following MatchSpec

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "cpu_core_count",
  "action": "lessThanOrEqualTo",
  "value": 4
}

matchSpec:
  name: cpu_core_count
  action: lessThanOrEqualTo
  value: 4

greaterThan

The greaterThan check action passes if the checked attribute is numerical and the value is greater than the specified value. For example, if you want to ensure that the cpu_core_count is greater than 2, you might use the following MatchSpec

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "cpu_core_count",
  "action": "greaterThan",
  "value": 2
}

matchSpec:
  name: cpu_core_count
  action: greaterThan
  value: 2

greaterThanOrEqualTo

The greaterThanOrEqualTo check action passes if the checked attribute is numerical and the value is greater than or equal to the specified value. For example, if you want to ensure that the cpu_core_count is greater than or equal to 4, you might use the following MatchSpec

"matchSpec" : {
  "name": "cpu_core_count",
  "action": "greaterThanOrEqualTo",
  "value": 4
}

matchSpec:
  name: cpu_core_count
  action: greaterThanOrEqualTo
  value: 4

regexMatches

The regexMatches check action passes when the regex is matched to the pattern passed in the value. This is check would generally be used as a top level check to filter whether or not to apply a check.

For example, this check will ensure that the source attribute of a module matches the supplied regex before continuing with the subMatches. This can be used to ensure that checks are targeted to specific modules.

When tackling this specific use case of filtering module blocks by source, the requiredLabels should be set to "*"

    "matchSpec": {
        "name": "source",
        "action": "regexMatches",
        "value": "^modules\\/.*public_.+bucket$",
        "subMatch": {
          "name": "acl",
          "action": "equals",
          "value": "public-read"
        }
      }

matchSpec:
  name: source
  action: regexMatches
  value: "^modules\\/.*public_.+bucket$"
  subMatch:
    name: acl
    action: equals
    value: public-read

isAny

The isAny check action passes when the attribute value can be found in the slice passed as the check value. This check action supports strings and numbers

"matchSpec": {
  "name": "acl",
  "action": "isAny",
  "value": ["private", "log-delivery-write"]
}

matchSpec:
  name: acl
  action: isAny
  value:
  - private
  - log-delivery-write

isNone

The isNone check action passes when the attribute value cannot be found in the slice passed as the check value. This check action supports strings and numbers

"matchSpec": {
  "name": "acl",
  "action": "isNone",
  "value": ["authenticated-read", "public-read"]
}

matchSpec:
  name: acl
  action: isNone
  value:
  - authenticated-read
  - public-read

requiresPresence

The requiresPresence checks that the resource in name is also present in the Terraform code.

If you wanted to ensure that aws_vpc_flowlogs is present if there is a aws_vpc, you might use the following matchSpec:

"matchSpec" : {
  "action": "requiresPresence",
  "name": "aws_vpc_flowlogs"
}

matchSpec:
  name: aws_vpc_flowlogs
  action: requiresPresence

and

The and check action passes when all the blocks provided within predicateMatchSpec evaluate to true. This action can be combined with subMatch to perform composite checks against the contents of nested blocks.

Note that or and and actions can be nested as many times as needed.

If you wanted to ensure that device_name and encrypted are both present in a nested ebs_block_device block, you might use the following matchSpec:

"matchSpec": {
  "action": "isPresent",
  "name": "ebs_block_device",
  "subMatch": {
    "action": "and",
    "predicateMatchSpec": [
      {
        "action": "isPresent",
        "name": "device_name"      
      },
      {
        "action": "isPresent",
        "name": "encrypted"
      }
    ]
  }
}

matchSpec:
  action: isPresent
  name: ebs_block_device
  subMatch : 
    action : and
    predicateMatchSpec :
      - action : isPresent
        name : device_name
      - action : isPresent
        name : encrypted 

or

The or check action passes when at least one of the blocks provided within predicateMatchSpec evaluates to true. This action can be combined with subMatch to perform composite checks against the contents of nested blocks.

Note that or and and actions can be nested as many times as needed.

If you want to ensure that virtualization_type is assigned to either hvm or paravirtual, while enforcing that their implicitly linked required attributes are also present, you might use the following matchSpec:

"matchSpec": {
  "action": "or",
  "predicateMatchSpec": [
    {
      "action": "and",
      "predicateMatchSpec": [
        {
          "name": "virtualization_type",
          "action": "equals",
          "value": "hvm"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "action": "and",
      "predicateMatchSpec": [
        {
          "name": "virtualization_type",
          "action": "equals",
          "value": "paravirtual"
        },
        {
          "name": "image_location",
          "action": "isPresent"
        },
        {
          "name": "kernel_id",
          "action": "isPresent"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

matchSpec:
  action: or
  predicateMatchSpec:
    - action: and
      predicateMatchSpec:
        - name: virtualization_type
          action: equals
          value: hvm
        - name: sriov_net_support
          action: isPresent
    - action: and
      predicateMatchSpec:
        - name: virtualization_type
          action: equals
          value: paravirtual
        - name: image_location
          action: isPresent
        - name: kernel_id
          action: isPresent

not

The not check action passes when the predicateMatchSpec evaluates to false.

As an example, if you want to represent that a resource should not be included inModule you might use the following matchSpec:

"matchSpec": {
  "action": "not",
  "predicateMatchSpec": [
    {
        "action": "inModule" 
    }
  ]
}

matchSpec:
  action: not
  predicateMatchSpec:
    - action: inModule

How do I know my JSON is valid?

We have provided the tfsec-checkgen binary which will validate your check file to ensure that it is valid for use with tfsec.

In the future, tfsec-checkgen will facilitate the creation of new check files with a wizard approach, for now it can be used to validate your check file.

shell script ./tfsec-checkgen validate example/custom/.tfsec/custom_checks.json

Are there limitations?

At the moment, check MatchSpec is limited in the number of check types it can perform, these are as shown in the previous table.

Custom defined checks also don't come with the comprehensive tests that the built in ones have. This will be addressed in future releases.